Search results for "immunology [Hashimoto Disease]"

Oligodendrocytes control potassium accumulation in white matter and seizure susceptibility

2018

Oligodendrocytes Control Potassium Accumulation in White Matter and Seizure Susceptibility.Larson VA, Mironova Y, Vanderpool KG, Waisman A, Rash JE, Agarwal A, Bergles DE. Elife. 2018 Mar 29;7. pii: e34829. doi: 10.7554/eLife.34829.The inwardly rectifying K+ channel Kir4.1 is broadly expressed by central nervous system glia and deficits in Kir4.1 lead to seizures and myelin vacuolization. However, the role of oligodendrocyte Kir4.1 channels in controlling myelination and K+ clearance in white matter has not been defined. Here, we show that selective deletion of Kir4.1 from oligodendrocyte progenitors or mature oligodendrocytes did not impair their development or disrupt the structure of mye…

2019

Dendritic cells (DC) fulfill an essential sentinel function within the immune system, acting at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity. The DC family, both in mouse and man, shows high functional heterogeneity in order to orchestrate immune responses toward the immense variety of pathogens and other immunological threats. In this review, we focus on the Langerin+CD8+ DC subpopulation in the spleen. Langerin+CD8+ DC exhibit a high ability to take up apoptotic/dying cells, and therefore they are essential to prime and shape CD8+ T cell responses. Next to the induction of immunity toward blood-borne pathogens, i.e., viruses, these DC are important for the regulation of tolerance toward …

Communication about vaccination: A shared responsibility

2016

ABSTRACT Vaccine hesitancy is an important issue to be addressed, due to the risk of decrease of vaccination coverage and consequent control of preventable diseases. While it is not considered a specific determinant, poor or inadequate communication can contribute to vaccine hesitancy and negatively influence vaccination uptake. As a contribution to the ongoing discussion regarding this theme and in the perspective of the implementation of the upcoming national vaccination plan in Italy, the Erice Declaration was drafted by experts in the field of immunization following a 5-day residential, independent workshop regarding communication topics in vaccinology. The aim of the current letter is …

Cryptochlorogenic acid attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress via upregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in RAW 2…

2019

Phenolic acids are found in natural plants, such as caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and chlorogenic acid. They have long been used as pharmacological actives, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA) is a special isomer of chlorogenic acid; the pharmacological effects and related molecular mechanisms of CCGA have been poorly reported. In the present study, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of CCGA in RAW 264.7 macrophages and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results revealed that CCGA dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 and blocked iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expressions. CCGA …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 is associated with poor clinical outcome, lipopolysaccharide translocation and inflammation in patients undergoing cardiac su…

2020

International audience; Introduction: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with gut barrier dysfunction. Gut barrier dysfunction might be estimated non-invasively by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plasma concentration. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut secreted hormone that is a potential marker of mucosal integrity. Our objective was to evaluate GLP-1 as a peri-operative marker of gut barrier dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.Methods: GLP-1, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) and lipopolysaccharide were assayed: at induction, after CPB and 24 h after admission in the intensive care unit. The primary end-point was peri-operat…

Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) modulates adaptive immune functions through alternation of T helper cell polarization

2016

International audience; Objective: Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) is a key determinant of lipoprotein metabolism, and both animal and human studies converge to indicate that PLTP promotes atherogenesis and its thromboembolic complications. Moreover, it has recently been reported that PLTP modulates inflammation and immune responses. Although earlier studies from our group demonstrated that PLTP can modify macrophage activation, the implication of PLTP in the modulation of T-cell-mediated immune responses has never been investigated and was therefore addressed in the present study. Approach and results: In the present study, we demonstrated that PLTP deficiency in mice has a pro…

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2145c Promotes Intracellular Survival by STAT3 and IL-10 Receptor Signaling

2021

Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen in phagocytic cells, the factors and mechanisms by which they invade and persist in host cells are still not well understood. Characterization of the bacterial proteins modulating macrophage function is essential for understanding tuberculosis pathogenesis and bacterial virulence. Here we investigated the pathogenic role of the Rv2145c protein in stimulating IL-10 production. We first found that recombinant Rv2145c stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to secrete IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α but not IL-12p70 and to increase the expression of surface molecules through the MAPK, NF-κB, and TLR4 pathways and enhanced …

ERK3/MAPK6 controls IL-8 production and chemotaxis

2020

ERK3 is a ubiquitously expressed member of the atypical mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the physiological significance of its short half-life remains unclear. By employing gastrointestinal 3D organoids, we detect that ERK3 protein levels steadily decrease during epithelial differentiation. ERK3 is not required for 3D growth of human gastric epithelium. However, ERK3 is stabilized and activated in tumorigenic cells, but deteriorates over time in primary cells in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ERK3 is necessary for production of several cellular factors including interleukin-8 (IL-8), in both, normal and tumorigenic cells. Particularly, ERK3 is critical for AP-1 signaling…

Targeting prohibitins at the cell surface prevents Th17-mediated autoimmunity.

2018

T helper (Th)17 cells represent a unique subset of CD4(+) T cells and are vital for clearance of extracellular pathogens including bacteria and fungi. However, Th17 cells are also involved in orchestrating autoimmunity. By employing quantitative surface proteomics, we found that the evolutionarily conserved prohibitins (PHB1/2) are highly expressed on the surface of both murine and human Th17 cells. Increased expression of PHBs at the cell surface contributed to enhanced CRAF/MAPK activation in Th17 cells. Targeting surface‐expressed PHBs on Th17 cells with ligands such as Vi polysaccharide (Typhim vaccine) inhibited CRAF‐MAPK pathway, reduced interleukin (IL)‐17 expression and ameliorated …

Decreased proportions of CD4 + IL17+/CD4 + CD25 + CD127- and CD4 + IL17+/CD4 + CD25 + CD127 - FoxP3+ T cells in children with autoimmune thyroid dise…

2016

Until now, altered balance of Th1 and Th2 immune cells has been postulated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). However, recent studies on thyroid diseases have suggested a new role for Th17 cells that have been classified as a new lineage, distinct from Th1, Th2 and Treg cells. Despite wide interest, the role of Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases is still debated. The aim of the study was to estimate the proportions of Th17/Treg T cells in peripheral blood from patients with Graves' disease (GD; n = 29, mean age 15.4 ± 5.1 years), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT; n = 39, mean age 15.2 ± 4.1 years) and in health…